# \_Manstein 가입일 4월 2015·마지막 전투 지금·업데이트됨 지금 [![de](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=%2Fflags%2Fl%2FDE.svg&w=64&q=75&dpl=8e554ca39fa0)](https://unicum.gg/ko/players/lang/de.md) [ \[NAS4\] National Aeronautics Space Administration 부사관 · 27 6월 2026 가입 ![NAS4 emblem](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wargaming.net%2Fclans%2Fmedia%2Fclans%2Femblems%2Fcl_350%2F500228350%2Femblem_195x195.png&w=640&q=75) ](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/NAS4.md) [개요](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein.md)[탱크 (46)](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md)[전투](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/battles.md)[세션](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/sessions.md)[공적 (123)](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/achievements.md)[토너먼트 (3)](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tournaments.md)[값베타](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/value.md) [무작위 전투](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein.md)[쟁탈전](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/skirmish.md)[원정](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/advances.md)[대규모 전투](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/grand.md)[순위 전투](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/ranked.md)[클랜전 X](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/cw-x.md)[클랜전 VIII](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/cw-viii.md)[클랜전 VI](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/cw-vi.md)[격전](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/onslaught.md)[기동 훈련](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/maneuvers.md)[무한 결사전](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/rampage.md)[팀 전투](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/team.md) ## \_Manstein의 무작위 전투 통계 · 전체 | 통계 | 전체 | 지난 24시간 | 지난 7일 | 지난 30일 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [전투](https://unicum.gg/ko/glossary/battles.md) | 61,358 | 0 | 84 | 348 | | [평균 티어](https://unicum.gg/ko/glossary/average-tier.md) | 6.98 | — | 8.00 | 8.00 | | 승리 | 32,753 | 53.38% | 0 | — | 40 | 47.62% | 172 | 49.43% | | 패배 | 27,730 | 45.19% | 0 | — | — | — | | 무승부 | 875 | 1.43% | 0 | — | — | — | | [생존율](https://unicum.gg/ko/glossary/survival-rate.md) | 19,336 | 31.51% | 0 | — | 23 | 27.38% | 119 | 34.20% | | [파괴된 전차](https://unicum.gg/ko/glossary/kills-per-battle.md) | 59,681 | 0.97 | 0 | — | 70 | 0.83 | 332 | 0.95 | | [격파 비율](https://unicum.gg/ko/glossary/destruction-ratio.md) | 1.42 | — | 1.15 | 1.45 | | [목격한 전차](https://unicum.gg/ko/glossary/spotting.md) | 136,122 | 2.22 | 0 | — | 210 | 2.50 | 895 | 2.57 | | [피해량](https://unicum.gg/ko/glossary/dpg.md) | 998.63 | — | 1,188.12 | 1,244.76 | | [추적 피해량](https://unicum.gg/ko/glossary/assistance-damage.md) | 31.43 | — | 49.55 | 32.49 | | [정찰 피해량](https://unicum.gg/ko/glossary/assistance-damage.md) | 531.70 | — | 685.89 | 717.47 | | [지원 피해량](https://unicum.gg/ko/glossary/assistance-damage.md) | 563.13 | — | 735.44 | 749.96 | | [결합 피해량](https://unicum.gg/ko/glossary/combined-damage.md) | 1,561.76 | — | 1,923.56 | 1,994.72 | | [기지 점령](https://unicum.gg/ko/glossary/base-capture.md) | 235,410 | 3.84 | 0 | — | 112 | 1.33 | 1,319 | 3.79 | | [기지 방어](https://unicum.gg/ko/glossary/base-defense.md) | 29,419 | 0.48 | 0 | — | 4 | 0.05 | 312 | 0.90 | | [일반 경험치](https://unicum.gg/ko/glossary/experience.md) | 534.31 | — | 528.48 | 548.12 | | [명중률](https://unicum.gg/ko/glossary/hit-ratio.md) | 73.91% | — | 72.29% | 73.95% | | [개인 성적](https://unicum.gg/ko/glossary/personal-rating.md) | 7,970 | 0 | \-1 | +1 | | [월드 오브 탱크 레이팅](https://unicum.gg/ko/glossary/wtr.md) | 5,948 | 0 | +1 | 0 | | [WN7](https://unicum.gg/ko/glossary/wn7.md) | 1,354.32 | — | 1,169.17 | 1,370.40 | | [WN8](https://unicum.gg/ko/glossary/wn8.md) | 1,474.90 | — | 1,322.26 | 1,547.16 | | [WNX](https://unicum.gg/ko/glossary/wnx.md) | 1,515.40 | — | 1,438.59 | 1,594.67 | ## \_Manstein의 전투 예시 ### 전투 공유 워게이밍은 단일 전투에 관한 내용을 게시하지 않으며, 아직 \_Manstein의 전투를 공유한 사람은 아무도 없음. unicum.gg 모드로 플레이한 전투가 전체 명단과 함께 여기에 표시됩니다. [모드 받기](https://unicum.gg/ko/mod.md) ## \_Manstein의 WNX 진행 과정 실선은 종합 WNX입니다. 위의 총계 열과 일치하며 새로운 전투가 누적될 때 천천히 변합니다. 점선은 세션별 WNX으로, 이전 스냅샷 이후 플레이한 전투를 기준으로 계산됩니다. 연승과 연패를 보여줍니다. 선 색상은 평점 단계에 따릅니다. ## \_Manstein의 평점을 형성하는 전차 🚀 평점을 끌어올리는 전차WNX 종합 평점을 받쳐 주는 전차입니다. 제외하면 평점이 내려갑니다. - ![](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu-wotp.wgcdn.co%2Fdcont%2Ftankopedia_images%2Ff116_bat_chatillon_bourrasque%2Ff116_bat_chatillon_bourrasque_icon.svg&w=64&q=75) [Bat.-Châtillon Bourrasque](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks/bourrasque.md) 단계 VIII· 16,002 전투 1,894.65제거하면 −160.60 - ![](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu-wotp.wgcdn.co%2Fdcont%2Ftankopedia_images%2Fgb85_cromwell_berlin%2Fgb85_cromwell_berlin_icon.svg&w=64&q=75) [Cromwell B](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks/cromwell-b.md) 단계 VI· 13,318 전투 1,883.44제거하면 −80.89 - ![](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu-wotp.wgcdn.co%2Fdcont%2Ftankopedia_images%2Ff114_projet_4_1%2Ff114_projet_4_1_icon.svg&w=64&q=75) [Char Futur 4](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks/char-futur-4.md) 단계 IX· 83 전투 1,621.00제거하면 −0.19 ⚓ 평점을 끌어내리는 전차WNX 종합 평점을 낮추는 전차입니다. 제외하면 평점이 올라갑니다. - ![](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu-wotp.wgcdn.co%2Fdcont%2Ftankopedia_images%2Fit13_progetto_m35_mod_46%2Fit13_progetto_m35_mod_46_icon.svg&w=64&q=75) [Progetto M35 mod. 46](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks/progetto-46.md) 단계 VIII· 20,130 전투 1,370.82제거하면 +90.11 - ![](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu-wotp.wgcdn.co%2Fdcont%2Ftankopedia_images%2Fg17_jagdpziv%2Fg17_jagdpziv_icon.svg&w=64&q=75) [Jagdpanzer IV](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks/jg-pz-iv.md) 단계 VI· 2,777 전투 659.88제거하면 +35.32 - ![](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu-wotp.wgcdn.co%2Fdcont%2Ftankopedia_images%2Fg09_hetzer%2Fg09_hetzer_icon.svg&w=64&q=75) [Jagdpanzer 38(t) Hetzer](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks/hetzer.md) 단계 IV· 3,318 전투 780.01제거하면 +19.44 - ![](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu-wotp.wgcdn.co%2Fdcont%2Ftankopedia_images%2Fg04_pzvi_tiger_i%2Fg04_pzvi_tiger_i_icon.svg&w=64&q=75) [Tiger I](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks/tiger-i-529.md) 단계 VII· 1,038 전투 712.43제거하면 +15.44 - ![](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu-wotp.wgcdn.co%2Fdcont%2Ftankopedia_images%2Fg18_jagdpanther%2Fg18_jagdpanther_icon.svg&w=64&q=75) [Jagdpanther](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks/jpanther-3857.md) 단계 VII· 1,094 전투 759.67제거하면 +13.27 ## \_Manstein의 표식 및 숙련도 화력의 증표710 주포의 표식별 차량입니다. 표식은 지속적인 평균으로, 게임이 해당 지역의 해당 차량 기록을 기준으로 최근 전투의 이동 평균을 계산해 부여합니다. | 단계 | 없음 | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | X | [2](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=10&moe=0&mark=next) | — | — | — | | IX | [1](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=9&moe=0&mark=next) | — | — | — | | VIII | [7](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=8&moe=0&mark=next) | [3](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=8&moe=1&mark=next) | — | — | | VII | [1](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=7&moe=0&mark=next) | [2](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=7&moe=1&mark=next) | — | — | | VI | [4](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=6&moe=0&mark=next) | [2](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=6&moe=1&mark=next) | [1](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=6&moe=2&mark=next) | — | | V | [6](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=5&moe=0&mark=next) | — | — | — | 차량 46대 중 29대의 표식을 읽었습니다. 계정이 새로 고침되면 나머지도 채워집니다. 숙련도 마크93급112급81급11에이스 탱커 최고의 배지별 차량입니다. 배지는 평균이 아니라 한 번의 전투 기록으로, 게임이 해당 지역의 해당 차량 기록을 기준으로 단일 게임의 경험치에 따라 부여합니다. | 단계 | 없음 | 3급 | 2급 | 1급 | 에이스 탱커 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | X | — | [1](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=10&mom=1) | — | [1](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=10&mom=3) | — | | IX | — | — | — | [1](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=9&mom=3) | — | | VIII | [3](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=8&mom=0) | [1](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=8&mom=1) | [3](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=8&mom=2) | [1](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=8&mom=3) | [2](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=8&mom=4) | | VII | — | [1](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=7&mom=1) | — | — | [2](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=7&mom=4) | | VI | — | [2](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=6&mom=1) | [1](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=6&mom=2) | [1](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=6&mom=3) | [3](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=6&mom=4) | | V | [1](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=5&mom=0) | [1](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=5&mom=1) | [4](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=5&mom=2) | — | — | | IV | [2](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=4&mom=0) | — | — | — | [1](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=4&mom=4) | | III | — | [1](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=3&mom=1) | [2](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=3&mom=2) | [2](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=3&mom=3) | [2](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=3&mom=4) | | II | [1](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=2&mom=0) | [2](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=2&mom=1) | [1](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=2&mom=2) | [1](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=2&mom=3) | [1](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=2&mom=4) | | I | — | — | — | [1](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?tier=1&mom=3) | — | 46대의 차량 중 11대가 에이스 탱커를 캐리합니다. (차고의 24%) 표식 없이 막대 위에 도달 합산 피해가 아직 보유하지 않은 표식의 기준을 이미 넘은 차량입니다. 배지는 해당 합산 피해이며, 넘은 표식에 따라 색상이 지정됩니다. [모든 차량의 표식 기준값 비교](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks.md?mark=next) - ![](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu-wotp.wgcdn.co%2Fdcont%2Ftankopedia_images%2Ff114_projet_4_1%2Ff114_projet_4_1_icon.svg&w=64&q=75) [Char Futur 4](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/players/_Manstein/tanks/char-futur-4.md) 단계 IX· 83 전투 2,343주포가 없음을 보유함 ## \_Manstein의 클랜 기록 클랜 12개 · 클랜 활동 시간 6y 5mo [](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/NAS4.md)[](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/NINNY.md)[](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/HAIV.md)[](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/X3_.md)[![](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wargaming.net%2Fclans%2Fmedia%2Fclans%2Femblems%2Fcl_828%2F500249828%2Femblem_195x195.png&w=48&q=75)ACTEK](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/ACTEK.md)[TEBH](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/TEBH.md)[](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/TEBH.md)[DESTD](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/DESTD.md)[](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/DEATS.md)[](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/SW4T.md)[](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/-FADA.md)[![](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wargaming.net%2Fclans%2Fmedia%2Fclans%2Femblems%2Fcl_397%2F500032397%2Femblem_195x195.png&w=48&q=75)BCTDE](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/BCTDE.md) 4월 201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026오늘 | 태그 | 이름 | 역할 | 에서 | 대상 | 지속 시간 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [\[NAS4\]](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/NAS4.md) | [![NAS4 emblem](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wargaming.net%2Fclans%2Fmedia%2Fclans%2Femblems%2Fcl_350%2F500228350%2Femblem_195x195.png&w=48&q=75)National Aeronautics Space Administration](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/NAS4.md) | 부사관 | 27 6월 2026 | 현재 | 5 months | | [\[NINNY\]](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/NINNY.md) | [![NINNY emblem](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wargaming.net%2Fclans%2Fmedia%2Fclans%2Femblems%2Fcl_799%2F500073799%2Femblem_195x195.png&w=48&q=75)NINNY](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/NINNY.md) | 보충병 | 16 5월 2026 | 18 6월 2026 | 1 month | | [\[HAIV\]](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/HAIV.md) | [![HAIV emblem](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wargaming.net%2Fclans%2Fmedia%2Fclans%2Femblems%2Fcl_492%2F500249492%2Femblem_195x195.png&w=48&q=75)NASA Official средства перехвата астероидов (HAIV)](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/HAIV.md) | 신병 | 11 5월 2026 | 11 5월 2026 | 28 minutes | | [\[X3\_\]](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/X3_.md) | [![X3\_ emblem](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wargaming.net%2Fclans%2Fmedia%2Fclans%2Femblems%2Fcl_946%2F500286946%2Femblem_195x195.png&w=48&q=75)X3](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/X3_.md) | 정보 장교 | 7 3월 2026 | 28 4월 2026 | 2 months | | [\[ACTEK\]](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/ACTEK.md) | [![ACTEK emblem](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wargaming.net%2Fclans%2Fmedia%2Fclans%2Femblems%2Fcl_828%2F500249828%2Femblem_195x195.png&w=48&q=75)АЦТЕКИ\_\_\_\_РУЛЯТ\_\_\_(УКРАЇНА\_\_\_НАЗАВЖДИ)](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/ACTEK.md) | 회계 장교 | 1 2월 2024 | 6 3월 2026 | 2 years | | [\[TEBH\]](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/TEBH.md) | [![TEBH emblem](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wargaming.net%2Fclans%2Fmedia%2Fclans%2Femblems%2Fcl_112%2F500222112%2Femblem_195x195.png&w=48&q=75)The Elite-Bush-Hunters](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/TEBH.md) | 부사령관 | 20 3월 2023 | 30 1월 2024 | 11 months | | [\[TEBH\]](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/TEBH.md) | [![TEBH emblem](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wargaming.net%2Fclans%2Fmedia%2Fclans%2Femblems%2Fcl_112%2F500222112%2Femblem_195x195.png&w=48&q=75)The Elite-Bush-Hunters](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/TEBH.md) | 작전 장교 | 19 11월 2022 | 9 2월 2023 | 3 months | | [\[DESTD\]](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/DESTD.md) | [![DESTD emblem](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wargaming.net%2Fclans%2Fmedia%2Fclans%2Femblems%2Fcl_493%2F500066493%2Femblem_195x195.png&w=48&q=75)Destroyed](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/DESTD.md) | 보충병 | 1 9월 2019 | 5 4월 2020 | 7 months | | [\[DEATS\]](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/DEATS.md) | [![DEATS emblem](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wargaming.net%2Fclans%2Fmedia%2Fclans%2Femblems%2Fcl_347%2F500165347%2Femblem_195x195.png&w=48&q=75)Death Dose](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/DEATS.md) | 신병 | 1 5월 2019 | 7 6월 2019 | 1 month | | [\[SW4T\]](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/SW4T.md) | [![SW4T emblem](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wargaming.net%2Fclans%2Fmedia%2Fclans%2Femblems%2Fcl_281%2F500068281%2Femblem_195x195.png&w=48&q=75)SW4T](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/SW4T.md) | 신병 | 1 1월 2019 | 4 1월 2019 | 2 days | | [\[\-FADA\]](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/-FADA.md) | [![\-FADA emblem](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wargaming.net%2Fclans%2Fmedia%2Fclans%2Femblems%2Fcl_288%2F500073288%2Femblem_195x195.png&w=48&q=75)L€SFRITZY F@D@S](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/-FADA.md) | 신병 | 9 10월 2018 | 30 12월 2018 | 3 months | | [\[BCTDE\]](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/BCTDE.md) | [![BCTDE emblem](https://unicum.gg/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wargaming.net%2Fclans%2Fmedia%2Fclans%2Femblems%2Fcl_397%2F500032397%2Femblem_195x195.png&w=48&q=75)Bleck City Tigers](https://unicum.gg/ko/eu/clans/BCTDE.md) | 부사관 | 21 10월 2015 | 19 10월 2017 | 2 years | ## Navigation - [unicum.gg](https://unicum.gg/ko.md) - [Discord](https://discord.gg/Hqbfb8YPbU) - [GitHub](https://github.com/unicum-gg/unicum.gg) ## Indexes - [llms.txt](https://unicum.gg/llms.txt): the API, the MCP server and the other machine-readable surfaces. - [llms-full.txt](https://unicum.gg/llms-full.txt): the same, with every endpoint's parameters inline. - [sitemap.md](https://unicum.gg/sitemap.md): every section of the site, down to the individual pages.